小学阶段英语必备的核心单词及考试必考的语法知识点

04关于文具的单词(stationery) 25. book 书 26. notebook 笔记本 27. paper 纸28. pencil 铅笔 29. pencil case 笔袋 30. pen 钢笔 31. eraser 橡皮 32. ruler 尺子 33. marker 水彩笔 34. scissors 剪子 35. envelope 信封...



04关于文具的单词(stationery)

25. book 书                 26. notebook 笔记本

27. paper 纸                28. pencil 铅笔

29. pencil case 笔袋     30. pen 钢笔

31. eraser 橡皮             32. ruler 尺子

33. marker 水彩笔         34. scissors 剪子

35. envelope 信封         36. stamp 邮票

37. glue 胶水

05关于数字的单词(number)

基数词:

38. number 数字号码        39. zero 零

40. one 一                         41. two 二

42. three 三                       43. four 四

44. five 五                          45. six 六

46. seven 七                      47. eight  八

48. nine 九                        49. ten 十

50. eleven 十一                 51. twelve 十二

52. thirteen 十三              53. fourteen 十四

54. fifteen 十五                 55. sixteen 十六

56. seventeen 十七           57. eighteen 十八

58. nineteen 十九             59. twenty 二十

60. thirty 三十                61. forty 四十

62. fifty 五十                  63. sixty 六十

64. seventy 七十             65. eighty 八十

66. ninety 九十                67. one hundred 一百

68. nine hundred 九百     69. one thousand一千

70. tenthousand 一万

序数词:

71. first 第一                     72. second第二

73. third 第三                   74. fourth第四

75. fifth 第五                    76. sixth 第六

77. seventh第七               78. eighth第八

79. ninth 第九                   80. tenth 第十

06关于家庭的单词(family)

81. family 家庭                82. father 爸爸

83. dad 爸爸                    84. mother 妈妈

85. mum 妈妈                  86. aunt 姨/姑妈

87. uncle 叔/舅舅             88. cousin 表兄妹

89. nephew 侄子              90. niece 侄女

91. brother 哥/弟             92. sister 姐/妹

93. daughter 女儿             94. son 儿子

95. grandpa 爷爷/姥爷      96. grandma 奶奶/姥姥

07关于身体部位的单词(bodyparts)

97. body 身体               98. arm 胳膊

99. ear 耳朵                  100.eye 眼睛

101.face 脸                   102.foot 脚

103.hand 手                  104.head 头

105.leg 腿                     106.mouth 嘴

107.nose 鼻子                108.elbow 胳膊肘

109.finger 手指               110.shoulder 肩膀

111.stomach 肚子           112.knee 膝盖

113.toe 脚趾                   114.ankle 脚踝

115. wrist 手腕

常用语法时态汇总

现在进行时

表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.

例句:

It is raining now.

外面正在下雨

It is six o’clock now.

现在6点了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

我父母正在客厅看报纸

Look! The children are having a running race now.

看!孩子们正在赛跑

问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.

一般现在时

表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。

结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.

例句:

We have an English lesson every day.

我们每天都要上英语课

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的

问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。

一般过去时

表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。

结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。

注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

例句:

My earphones were on the ground just now.

我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。

问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;

否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

一般将来时

表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

例句:

What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.

规则动词过去式

1直接在动词后加ed

如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

2以e结尾的直接加d

如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;

3以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如:study—studied;carry—carried;

4双写词尾加ed

如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

不规则的有:

am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read.

常见构词法汇总

名词复数构成的方法

有规则的有:

(1)直接在名词后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es

如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)

不规则的有:

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

动词第三人称单数的构成

(1)直接在动词后加s

如:run—runs; dance—dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies; carry—carries;

现在分词的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ing

如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;

(2)双写词尾加ing

如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

常用词性分类

代 词

人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。

例句

Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。

宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

介 词

介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping;

“树上”
外来的东西在树上用in the tree

如:the bird in the tree;

树上长的用on the tree

如:the apples on the tree

“运动和乐器”

球类之前不加the;

乐器之前必须加the

如:play the piano; play football

get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样

如:get stronger; get longer

时间介词

季节前,月份前用介词in

如:in summer;in March

具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on

如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在几点钟前用介词at

如:at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜间用at night。

另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.

动词还原的用法

前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。

如:Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesn’t like taking photos.

go的用法

去干嘛用go +动词ing

如: go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing…

“到达”的用法

“到达”用get to

但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to

如:get home; get here; get there,

另外go home; come here; go there也一样。

“长着”和“穿着”的用法

长着什么用with

如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;

穿着什么用in

如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女

情态动词

can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。

如:The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.

女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰

Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。

形容词副词比较级的构成

规则的:

(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

如;small—smaller; low—lower;

(2)以e结尾的加r

如:late—larer;

(3)双写词尾加er

如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

不规则的有:

good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther.

常用句型用法

祈使句

肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。

如:Open the box for me ,please.

请为我打开盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

刘涛,明天请早点起床!

Don’t walk on the grass!

不要在草地上走!

Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.

海伦!不要爬树。

比较句

than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。

如:My mother is two years younger than my father.

我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

刘涛跳得和本一样远。

喜欢做某事

用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.

苏阳喜欢种花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

想要做某事

用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

例:I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum.

时间表示法

(1)直接读时钟和分钟。

如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;

(2)用to与past表示。

在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

如:6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;

过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

如7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;

让某人做某事

用let sb后加动词原形

如:Let’s water the flowers together.

是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。

帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English

基数词变序数词的方法

基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth);

ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);

几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。

另外强调序数词前一定要加the。

日期的表示方法

用the+序数词+ of +月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December.

both 表示两者都

如:My parents are both teachers.

all表示三者以上都

如:The students are all very excited.

节日的表示法

有day的节日前用on.

没有day的节日前用at,

如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.

常用比较词汇总

rain与snow的用法

(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:

动词原形rain, snow;

第三人称单数rains ,snows;

现在分词raining;snowing

过去式rained;snowed;

如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。

have与has的用法

表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原则

单数或不可数用there is /was;

复数用there are/ were.

比较级与最高级的用法

两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级

如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。

Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。

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